<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring AMQP依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- Lombok -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2. 配置文件

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672
    username: guest
    password: guest
    virtual-host: /

快速开始

1. 配置类

@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {
    @Bean
    public Queue simpleQueue() {
        return new Queue("simple.queue", true);
    }
    
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange directExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("simple.exchange");
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Binding binding(Queue simpleQueue, DirectExchange directExchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(simpleQueue)
                .to(directExchange)
                .with("simple.key");
    }
}

2. 生产者

@Service
@Slf4j
public class MessageProducer {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    
    public void sendMessage(String message) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("simple.exchange", "simple.key", message);
        log.info("消息发送成功：{}", message);
    }
}

3. 消费者

@Component
@Slf4j
public class MessageConsumer {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
    public void receiveMessage(String message) {
        log.info("收到消息：{}", message);
    }
}

交换机示例

1. Direct Exchange

@Configuration
public class DirectConfig {
    @Bean
    public Queue directQueue() {
        return new Queue("direct.queue");
    }
    
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange directExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("direct.exchange");
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Binding directBinding() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue())
                .to(directExchange())
                .with("direct.key");
    }
}

2. Topic Exchange

Topic Exchange配置示例

@Configuration
public class TopicConfig {
    @Bean
    public Queue topicQueue1() {
        return new Queue("topic.queue.1");
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Queue topicQueue2() {
        return new Queue("topic.queue.2");
    }
    
    @Bean
    public TopicExchange topicExchange() {
        return new TopicExchange("topic.exchange");
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Binding topicBinding1() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue1())
                .to(topicExchange())
                .with("topic.#"); // 匹配topic.开头的所有路由键
    }
    
    @Bean
    public Binding topicBinding2() {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue2())
                .to(topicExchange())
                .with("topic.*"); // 匹配topic.开头的一个单词
    }
}


## 消息确认机制

### 1. 生产者确认

```yaml
spring:
  rabbitmq:
    publisher-confirm-type: correlated
    publisher-returns: true

@Service
@Slf4j
public class ConfirmMessageProducer {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    
    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback((correlationData, ack, cause) -> {
            if (ack) {
                log.info("消息发送成功");
            } else {
                log.error("消息发送失败：{}", cause);
            }
        });
    }
}

2. 消费者确认

@Component
@Slf4j
public class AckMessageConsumer {
    @RabbitListener(queues = "confirm.queue")
    public void receiveMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        try {
            // 处理消息
            log.info("处理消息：{}", new String(message.getBody()));
            // 手动确认
            channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // 处理失败，拒绝消息
            channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
        }
    }
}